Architecture of Linux Operating System

• Kernel

The Linix kernel includes devices driver support for a large number of PC
hardware devices, advanced processor and memory management features, and
support for many different types of filesystems .

• Shells and GUIs

Linux supports two froms of command input: through textual command line shells similar to those found on most UNIX systems.(e.g. sh-the Bourne shell, Bash- the Bourne again shell and csh- the c shell) and through graphical inteface (GUIs) such as the KDE and GNOME window managers.

• System utilities
  

Virtually every systems utility that you would expect to find on standrad implementations of UNIX has been ported to Linux. This includes commands such as ls,cp,grep,awk,sed,bc,wc,more, and so on.

• Application programs

Linux distributors typically come with several useful application programs as standrad.